Pathwise

Music · 12 Lessons

Music Theory from Zero

Learn how music actually works, by clapping, counting and picturing a keyboard, with no sheet music and no instrument needed.

For anyone who loves music, is picking up an instrument, or has always wondered what musicians mean by "in the key of G". Twelve short lessons take you from the beat under a song to the chords behind it, one idea at a time, using tunes you already know. By the end you can work out a song's tempo, its meter, its key and its chord pattern just by listening.

By the end you can

Rhythm: counting time

Find the pulse under any song, group it into bars, and measure every note in beats.

  1. Beat and tempo

    Find the steady pulse under any song, tell it apart from the rhythm on top, and measure how fast it goes in beats per minute.

  2. Bars and time signatures

    Hear which beats are heavier, group them into bars, and read 4/4 and 3/4 so you can count along with a song from the right place.

  3. Note lengths and subdivision

    Measure any rhythm in beats: whole, half, quarter and eighth notes, the rests that match them, and the "1 & 2 &" count that keeps them in place.

Pitch and scales

Name all twelve notes on a keyboard, then build major and minor scales from two simple patterns.

  1. Notes, the keyboard and the octave

    Name all 12 notes, find any of them on a piano keyboard, read sharps and flats, and explain why a C and the next C sound like the same note.

  2. Half steps, whole steps and the major scale

    Measure distances on the keyboard in half and whole steps, then use one pattern, W W H W W W H, to build a major scale from any note.

  3. The minor scale and mood

    Build a natural minor scale with W H W W H W W, find the relative minor of any major scale, and explain why the same seven notes can feel bright or dark.

Harmony: notes together

Measure the distance between notes, stack them into chords, and hear why chords pull towards home.

  1. Intervals: the distance between notes

    Measure the distance between any two notes in half steps, give it its proper name, and predict whether two notes played together will sound restful or tense.

  2. Building chords: triads

    Build a major or minor triad from any note by counting half steps, read simple chord symbols, and work out the seven chords that live inside C major.

  3. Chord progressions

    Number the chords of a key with Roman numerals, understand why V pulls back to I, and move a progression like I–V–vi–IV from one key to another.

Putting it together

Read a key signature at a glance, fit a melody over chords, and take a song apart by ear.

  1. Keys and the circle of fifths

    Say exactly what "in the key of G" means, read a key signature at a glance, and use the circle of fifths to know how many sharps or flats any key has.

  2. How melody fits over chords

    See why some melody notes sit comfortably over a chord and others rub, tell a passing note from a real clash, and fix a sour bar in three different ways.

  3. Listen like a musician

    Put the whole course together into one method: four passes that take any song you hear and give you its tempo, its meter, its key and its chord pattern.

Keep it, don't just read it

Pathwise brings each idea back just before you'd forget it, with a quick question. Free on Android and on the web, in English and Persian.

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