Pathwise

Personal Finance: Take Control of Your Money · Lesson 12 of 12 · 12 min

Your one-page money plan

Put the whole course on one page: the gap, the buffer, the debt order, the monthly amount and a review date, worked all the way through for one real situation.

ONE PAGE

Five lines and a date

A plan in a drawer is a plan. A plan in your head is a mood. The whole thing fits on one page: the gap, the buffer, the debts, the goals, and the date you will look at it again. Every line comes from a lesson you have already finished. The page is what turns eleven ideas into one thing you can act on tomorrow morning.

Write it by hand if you can. The format does not matter at all. What matters is having something specific to compare reality against in three months, instead of a feeling about whether things are going well.

The order most people use, and why

  1. A starter buffer first

    Around half a month of essentials. Small and fast to reach. Without it, the first emergency goes onto a card and quietly undoes whatever you did next.

  2. Then the most expensive debt

    Clearing a 45% debt is a certain 45%, and lesson 8 says there is no certain 45% anywhere on the other side. If a rate is extreme, some people clear it before even the starter buffer. The higher the rate, the stronger that case.

  3. Then the buffer in full

    Three to six months of essentials, sized as in lesson 4 and topped up as prices move. This is the thing that stops you becoming the forced seller from lesson 9.

  4. Then the longer-term money

    Module 3's territory, and the point where compounding finally gets to work for you instead of against you.

  5. Goals run alongside, not instead

    A goal with a hard date from lesson 10 can take a smaller share in parallel. What it must not do is replace the buffer.

Check yourself

Mina has a card debt at 40% a year, no savings at all, and 250 a month spare. A friend tells her: "Put every bit of it on the debt. Savings are pointless while you owe money." What is the weakness in that advice?

  1. Nothing: clearing a 40% debt is always the single best use of money
  2. With no buffer at all, the first unexpected cost goes straight back onto the card
  3. She should build a full six-month fund first and deal with the debt afterwards
  4. She should split it exactly in half so that both of them move at the same speed
Show the answer

With no buffer at all, the first unexpected cost goes straight back onto the card

Right. The advice is nearly correct and misses one step. A small starter buffer first, then everything at the debt, means a broken phone in month three doesn't quietly undo three months of work.

SARA'S ONE PAGE                      (monthly figures)

Income                                       3,000
Needs    rent+bills 1,250, food 600, transport 250
                                             2,100
Wants                                          600
THE GAP, her future-you amount                 300

Essential costs a month                      2,100
  starter buffer, about half a month         1,200
  full buffer, 3 months of essentials        6,300

Debt     card, 1,500 owed at 3% a month
         cost to carry in month one              45

Output

Every decision below this line is made with 300 a month.

These come straight out of lessons 1 and 2. Sara trimmed her wants from 780 to 600, which moved her future-you amount from 120 to 300 without touching a rent she cannot change this year.

Check yourself

In month 6, Sara's fridge dies and costs 900 to replace. She has 1,200 in the starter buffer and is partway through clearing the card. What does her page say she does?

  1. Use the buffer, then refill it before going back to the card
  2. Put the fridge on the card, because the buffer is meant for bigger emergencies than this
  3. Pause the whole plan for a year and start again from the beginning
  4. Use the buffer and carry on with the card, refilling the buffer whenever she happens to have something spare
Show the answer

Use the buffer, then refill it before going back to the card

Right. That is exactly what the buffer is for, and using it is not a failure. Lesson 4's rule is that refilling goes back to the top of the list, because the next surprise can easily arrive before the card is cleared.

Sara's 300 a month, in order. The card takes six months and costs her about 151 in interest along the way.

| Months | Where the 300 goes | Why |

|---|---|---|

| 1–4 | Starter buffer, to 1,200 | So the next emergency doesn't go back on the card |

| 5–10 | Clear the card, 1,500 at 3% a month | The most expensive money she owns |

| 11–27 | Buffer up to 6,300 | Three months of essential costs |

| 28 on | Long-term money, module 3 | Nothing urgent is left to fund |

Check yourself

Sara's plan doesn't reach long-term investing until month 28, so she has wasted more than two years.

Show the answer

False

No. Those months bought a buffer that stops her being a forced seller, and they removed a debt compounding at 3% a month against her. Clearing that card was a certain return far above anything she could have reasonably expected from investing over the same stretch. The plan is not slow. It is in order.

Your own page. Five lines, then a date.

| Line | What goes on it |

|---|---|

| The gap | Income − spending from lesson 1, and what leaves on payday |

| The buffer | Essential costs x 3 to 6, and how much you have so far |

| The debts | Each one with its rate, in the order you will clear them |

| The goals | Two at most, each with an amount and a date |

| The review | The day next quarter when you redo all four |

Check yourself

Match each line of the page to the lesson it came from

Show the answer
  • The gap → Lesson 1: income minus spending
  • The amount that leaves on payday → Lesson 2: pay yourself first
  • Three to six months of essentials → Lesson 4: the emergency fund
  • The order you clear debts in → Lesson 5: highest rate, or smallest balance
  • Re-pricing the targets each quarter → Lesson 6: prices do not stand still

IF THE GAP IS NEGATIVE

The plan still exists. It's a repair plan.

A negative gap means the month is being funded by debt or by savings, and nothing further down the page can start until that stops. Same page, different order: close the gap first. Lesson 1's variable groups can move this month. Fixed costs move when a contract ends. Income is the slowest lever and the one with no ceiling. Set a date to reach zero, not a feeling about it.

If you cannot make the minimum payments at all, that is not a budgeting problem and this page will not solve it. Talk to the lenders early and get help from someone qualified where you live. Waiting makes it more expensive, every single time.

Check yourself

Kaveh's gap is −150 a month. He wants to start investing, because he keeps reading that time in the market matters more than anything. What should his page tell him?

  1. Start investing anyway, because the earlier you begin the better, whatever else is going on
  2. Put the monthly shortfall on a card and invest the difference each month
  3. Wait until his income rises, since a negative gap can only ever be fixed by earning more
  4. Close the gap first: investing while running a deficit means borrowing in order to invest
Show the answer

Close the gap first: investing while running a deficit means borrowing in order to invest

Right. Money he does not have has to come from somewhere, and that somewhere is debt or savings. Lesson 5 called borrowing to invest a certain cost set against an uncertain return. Time in the market is real, and its turn comes once the gap is not negative.

The review, four times a year

  • Put the date in your calendar now. Twenty minutes, every three months. A plan with no review date slowly becomes a plan about a life you no longer have.
  • Redo the gap from real numbers, not from memory. That is lesson 1's tracking, repeated for a week.
  • Re-price the buffer and the goals. Where prices rise fast, last quarter's targets are already too small.
  • Check that the debt order still holds. Rates change, and a new debt may have jumped the queue.
  • Change one thing, not five. A quarterly review is a small correction, not a new plan every season.

Lesson recap

  • Five lines and a date: the gap, the buffer, the debts, the goals, and when you look again.
  • The usual order: starter buffer, most expensive debt, full buffer, then long-term money. Goals run alongside.
  • Using the buffer is not failure. Refilling it goes back to the top of the list before anything restarts.
  • A negative gap means the plan becomes a repair plan, and everything else waits until it reaches zero.
  • Review it four times a year, re-price the targets, and change one thing rather than five.

Keep it, don't just read it

Pathwise brings each idea back just before you'd forget it, with a quick question. Free on Android and on the web, in English and Persian.

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All lessons in this course

  1. Where does it go?
  2. A budget you'll actually keep
  3. Net worth: your real scoreboard
  4. The emergency fund
  5. Debt: the good, the bad, the expensive
  6. Inflation: the silent tax
  7. Compound growth
  8. Asset classes and risk
  9. Diversification, fees and time horizon
  10. Goals with numbers and dates
  11. Spotting scams and bad deals
  12. Your one-page money plan